Clean Air Blog

Smoke can affect indoor air quality in more situations than many people realise. In New Zealand, this often isn’t just large bushfires. It also includes winter woodburner smoke, smoke from neighbours’ fires, outdoor burn-offs, and long‑range smoke drifting in from major fire events. When smoke enters your home, it brings very fine particles that are easy to breathe deep into your lungs and difficult to avoid without some form of filtration. Air purifiers can help reduce indoor smoke, but it’s important to understand what kind of smoke we’re talking about, how purifiers help, and what to look for when choosing one. This guide explains: How smoke affects indoor air quality Practical steps to reduce smoke exposure at home How to check the air quality in NZ How air purifiers help with smoke What to look for in an air purifier for smoke Quick Summary: Air Purifiers for Smoke Smoke from fires and woodburners contains very fine particles (PM2.5) Smoke can enter homes even when doors and windows are closed HEPA air purifiers can reduce indoor smoke particles Carbon filters help with smoke smell, not particle removal The purifier needs enough airflow (CADR) for the room size to be effective Table of contents 1. Why Smoke Is Harmful, Understanding PM2.5 2. Keeping Smoke Out of Your Home 3. How Air Purifiers Help with Smoke & PM2.5 4. Choosing the Right Air Purifier for Smoke 5. Using an Air Purifier During Smoky Conditions 6. Checking Air Quality in NZ 1. Why Smoke Is Harmful, Understanding PM2.5 Smoke contains a mix of gases and particles, but the main concern is PM2.5 - tiny particles small enough to enter deep into the lungs and even the bloodstream. PM2.5 can: Irritate the throat, nose and eyes Worsen asthma and allergies Aggravate heart and lung conditions Cause headaches and poor sleep Build up indoors unless removed In NZ, winter woodburners regularly cause PM2.5 spikes, especially on still nights that trap smoke near the ground. Large events like the Port Hills Fire or Australian bushfire drift can cause very high short-term levels as well. If you can see or smell smoke, assume PM2.5 levels are high 2. Keeping Smoke Out of Your Home Health New Zealand’s general advice during smoke events is simple: Stay indoors if possible Close all windows and doors Reduce outdoor air getting inside Here’s how to put that into practice at home: a. Close and seal your home Shut windows and doors Use curtains, door snakes, or towels to block gaps Avoid creating drafts b. Turn off ventilation systems that pull in outdoor air Systems such as HRV or positive-pressure ventilation often draw outside air in, and most cannot effectively filter out PM2.5. Turn these off during smoke events unless your system has a HEPA intake filter. Heat pumps are fine, they recirculate indoor air and don't draw in smoke. c. Reduce indoor PM2.5 contributors These activities make indoor smoke levels worse: Frying or grilling Burning candles or incense Vacuuming (which stirs up dust) Smoking indoors Keep indoor air as stable as possible. d. Create a Cleaner Air Space Indoors Pick a room (often a bedroom or living area) and keep the air in there as clean as possible by: Keeping windows and doors shut Reducing drafts Avoiding dust-creating activities Running a HEPA purifier This room becomes your safest indoor space during heavy smoke. 3. How Air Purifiers Help with Smoke & PM2.5 Air purifiers clean air by pulling it through filters that trap pollutants as air circulates around a room. HEPA filters remove smoke particles HEPA filters are very effective at capturing fine particles like smoke. When air passes through a HEPA filter, virtually all smoke particles are removed in a single pass. The main limitation isn’t filtration efficiency, it’s simply how much air the purifier can move through the filter over time. This applies whether the smoke source is a nearby woodburner, winter haze, or a larger fire event. Carbon filters help with smell & chemicals, not particles Activated carbon filters don’t remove smoke particles, but they can help reduce smoke odour and chemical gases that come with combustion. Carbon improves comfort, but it doesn’t replace HEPA filtration. If a purifier doesn’t contain meaningful carbon (measured in grams of pellets), it won’t do much for smoke smells 4. Choosing the Right Air Purifier for Smoke Not all air purifiers are equally effective for smoke. One of the most common issues is simply not having enough airflow. The best filter in the world is useless if air doesn't go through it. Why CADR matters CADR (Clean Air Delivery Rate) describes how much clean air a purifier can deliver per hour. Smoke events often require more airflow than everyday dust or pollen, because outdoor smoke keeps leaking back in. As a practical guide: Aim for a minimum of 3 air changes per hour (ACH) from purification alone Larger rooms or very smoky conditions benefit from more than this If the purifier is too weak, it will still work, just more slowly, and it may need to run on higher (and louder) speeds. In heavier smoke, it may also struggle to keep PM2.5 levels in healthy ranges. Manufacturer “room size” claims can be misleading, so focus on CADR rather than marketing numbers to avoid under‑sizing What to prioritise for smoke If you're looking for a purifier to help with smoke, focus on: HEPA filtration (for harmful particles) Enough airflow (CADR) for the room size Optional carbon if smoke smell is a concern No ionisers or ozone‑producing features Smart Air: Proven use during smoke events California wildfire response 800+ Smart Air Blast purifiers deployed by local air quality management districts Used to create clean air spaces in libraries, community buildings, and temporary shelters Designed to operate continuously during days or weeks of heavy smoke Why these purifiers are chosen Very high airflow → clears smoke particles quickly True HEPA filtration → removes the vast majority of smoke particles per pass No ionisers or ozone → safe for extended indoor use View Smart Air Blast Mk II 5. Using an Air Purifier During Smoky Conditions During winter smoke or fire events: Run the purifier continuously, not just for short bursts Use higher speeds during peak smoke, then lower speeds once air improves Keep doors and windows closed when outdoor air quality is poor Place purifiers in the rooms you spend the most time in 6. Checking Air Quality in NZ Smoke levels can shift quickly, whether from woodburners, fires, or drifting smoke. Checking air quality helps you know when to seal the home and when to ventilate. One challenge is that air-quality monitoring in NZ is limited. Even with community networks like PurpleAir and AirGradient, many towns and rural areas have no sensors at all. Official monitoring is even more restricted. These are the most useful tools: a. IQAir (best real-time map - aggregates multiple sources) IQAir combines: Official regional council monitors PurpleAir community sensors AirGradient sensors Other public/global data sources It’s often the most complete real-time view in NZ, especially if your town has no official station. View IQ Air Map b. LAWA Air Quality (official NZ data + long-term trends) LAWA provides verified PM2.5 and PM10 readings where regional councils have monitors, plus: Recent hourly data Long-term and seasonal trends Annual exceedances of NZ standards Great for understanding typical patterns, coverage varies. View LAWA Map c. Indoor air-quality monitors Outdoor data doesn’t always reflect what’s happening inside your home. An indoor PM2.5 monitor helps you see: How much smoke is leaking in When levels rise How effective your purifier is This is especially useful in older NZ homes that naturally draw in outdoor air. Check out our Indoor Air Quality Monitors The takeaway for dealing with smoke: Smoke from woodburners and fires contains very fine particles that can build up indoors. HEPA filters remove most of these particles each time air passes through, but the key limitation is CADR - how much air the purifier can clean.A correctly sized purifier, run consistently, can noticeably reduce smoke indoors. In heavier smoke, smaller units may struggle to keep PM2.5 at healthy levels, which is why sizing matters. Looking to reduce smoke indoors? Explore HEPA air purifiers designed to effectively tackle smoke. Quiet enough for bedrooms, powerful enough for living spaces, and free from unnecessary gimmicks. See Product See Product See Product See Product Do air purifiers help with woodburner smoke from neighbours? Yes. While they can’t stop smoke entering your home, they can reduce the amount of fine smoke particles once inside. Is carbon necessary for smoke? Carbon helps with smell and gases, but HEPA is the priority for health‑relevant smoke particles. Should I run a purifier overnight in winter? Yes, especially since smoke levels in colder areas tend to remain elevated overnight. Bedrooms often benefit the most. Can one purifier cover my whole house? Usually not. It’s more effective to place purifiers in key rooms rather than trying to cover the entire home with one unit. Relevant Articles: The Best Air Purifiers in New Zealand: 2025 Comparison Read more Unmasking the Winter Air Quality Issue in New Zealand Read more What features matter when choosing an Air Purifier (NZ Guide) Read more

Accurate PM2.5 measurement matters if you want to understand real-world air pollution exposure indoors. While many low-cost air quality monitors claim to measure PM2.5, actual performance can vary significantly between models. To better understand how different consumer-grade monitors compare, we looked at a group of commonly used models from Qingping and Temtop. Rather than relying only on manufacturer claims, we anchored our comparison to models with independent field test data, then examined how closely the remaining units tracked alongside them in real indoor conditions. All six monitors were co-located on the same bench and run continuously over several days. While absolute readings varied slightly, the overall patterns and trends moved together closely, with relatively small gaps between devices. This provides useful context for how these monitors behave in practice, particularly when used to track changes and spikes in PM2.5 rather than focusing on a single absolute number. Independent Testing Anchors Southcoast AQMD, based in California has a program where they compare air quality monitors with high grade reference equipment. This provides independent test data for dozens of models, from low cost ones like the QP Lite to ones costing thousands of dollars. For PM2.5, all the results are published here. Several units already have results available from Southcoast AQMD. All showed strong correlations with the reference equipment for PM2.5 measurements, and low mean errors - often beating monitors costing thousands of dollars!  Model Field R2 (Correlation) Field MAE (Absolute Error) Qingping Lite 0.85 to 0.93 1.8 to 3.6 Qingping Pro 0.86 to 0.90 1.8 to 2.3 Temtop LKC-1000S+ 0.91 to 0.92 3.1 to 3.6 Note, original model of Pro and Temtop LKC were tested, updated models used for our comparison testing. Why PM2.5 Matters PM2.5 are tiny particles that can reach deep into the lungs and even the bloodstream. When air pollution is talked about, it typically refers to levels of PM2.5, due to the serious health impacts. In New Zealand, indoor levels can often be higher than outdoors. Seeing the levels and changes in your home or workplace can help you decide if interventions such as ventilation or air purification is required.  What we tested   Models: Qingping Lite, Qingping Pro 2, Temtop M10i, Temtop M10+, Temtop S1+ and Temtop LKC-1000S+ 2nd. Environment: Same bench in an apartment (Christchurch), co-located and away from air vents. Period: 14 - 18 August 2025, hourly measurement results Objective: Check how closely the models track together in real conditions, using indepdently tested units as the benchmark Method and limitations Recording frequency: We aligned measurements to the unit with the lowest recording frequency (M10+), so all results are reported hourly.  Time adjustments: Not all units were recording exactly on the hour, so the closest recording to the hour was used. In some cases this was 5mins before or after the hour. Units plugged in: All units were plugged in to ensure regular readings and updating PM2.5 Exposure: Two spikes occured due to cooking with the frypan. No air cleaning was used, in order to keep levels high for longer. Results By the numbers Most pairs have correlations between 0.95 and 0.99, indicating very high levels of correlation Typical difference: Around ~1 µg/m³ when averaged over the period Mean reading: Small spread across devices, mean PM2.5 reading for the each device across the entire period was between 3.2 and 5.0 µg/m³. Variances observed during initial PM2.5 spikes, due to timing of readings. A note about PM10 One of the reasons we focus on PM2.5 is that PM10 numbers from low-cost optical sensors are generally less reliable than PM2.5. This is shown in the Southcoast AQMD results, where PM10 accuracies were always quite a bit lower than for PM2.5. This essentially boils down it it being more complex to measure for PM10 sized particles. If you'd like to learn more, there's a great writeup about this here.

It's hard to beat the aroma of garlic or steak sizzling away on the frypan as it fills your kitchen with flavour. But under those delicious scents lies fine particles called PM2.5, that can travel deep into your lungs and affect your indoor air quality. In a test in a Christchurch apartment in May 2025, cooking on a front burner pushed PM2.5 levels throughout the apartment into the hazardous range, even with the rangehood set to full power. In this article we'll show you exactly how we measured those spikes, how bad it got and how much of a difference using Air Purifiers made. Armed with this information, you can ensure you keep your air clean, whatever you're cooking! Figure 1: Rough Layout of Apartment + Positions of Monitors and Purifiers First Test: Baseline (No Air Cleaning) This experiment actually started accidentally, after noticing the air quality as measured on my QP Pro units was at very concerning levels. It turned out that even at full power, my rangehood barely captured smoke from the front two hobs. This is definitely a bit of a surprise given this is a relatively new apartment.After frying for about 15 minutes, it seemed a little hazy and smokey inside. I checked my air quality monitors in both the lounge and separate bedroom, and both showed very high readings! With PM2.5 counts of over 300 µg/m³, you really want to limit your exposure to this. For perspective, this is about three times higher than the average pollution level in Delhi, and is well into 'hazardous' air quality levels.  If you stop cooking, you immediately remove the PM2.5 source. But on a chilly day with windows closed, those particles can linger for hours. While the rangehood extractor fan was used, it hadn't effectively drawn out the cooking smoke. Being a chilly day, no windows or doors were opened. Here is how the air quality looked over the evening: Figure 2: PM2.5 Readings in Bedroom and Lounge from Cooking Note: PM2.5 to air quality ratings sourced from EPA AQI breakpoints. As you can see, the PM2.5 levels shot up very quickly when the cooking started. For several hours the air quality was at or above unhealthy levels, even lingering at hazardous amounts for awhile! What does this mean? Basically the equivalent of smoking about 1.3 cigarettes! Definitely not something you want to be regularly exposed to. Especially if you have asthma or other breathing sensitivities. Second Test: With Air Purifiers This time, our accidental experiment was repeated with one key tweak, switching on air purifiers when the concentrations peaked. The apartment is well covered on that front, with a Smart Air Sqair in the bedroom and a Smart Air SA600 in the main living/kitchen area.You'll notice from the layout graphic earlier, we've also placed the purifiers away from the air quality monitors. This helps ensure the readings are representative of the actual air quality in the apartment, and not just the air quality around the purifier.Now the big reveal, how much of a difference can the air purifiers make? We allowed the PM2.5 concentrations to reach similar levels to our baseline test, and then turned both purifiers on at their max power settings. Figure 3: PM2.5 Readings in Bedroom and Lounge from Cooking, using Air Purifiers The outcome? In just 30mins, PM2.5 concentrations had dropped by over 90% - this is compared to between 25% and 29% when we didn't use them. Air quality reached the optimal 'Good' level within 45mins in the bedroom and within 1 hour in the main living area!Why are these air purifiers so effective at removing cooking pollutants and smoke? It's all thanks to the combination of HEPA filters and high Clean Air Delivery Rate (CADR).  The HEPA filters on both units are very effective at absorbing harmful particulate matter in the air, such as from frying and smoke. However, a good HEPA filter won't do much if the purifier isn't able to send much air through it. With CADRs of 315m³/hr and 500m³/hr respectively, the Sqair and SA600 are able to push significant amounts of polluted air through their filters. This makes them best in class when it comes to how effectively they purify air. As you can see, we can back this claim up with real data! Smart Air Sqair Smart Air SA600 Stylish, powerful and quiet at a great price. Perfect for the bedroom, or any space up to 43m². Dual inlets with filters on each side. Serious cleaning power for larger spaces up to 60m², while remaining quiet. Other air quality measures you can take: Ensuring your rangehood is working effectively will certainly help reduce the amount of PM2.5 in the air. Mechanical ventilation i.e. HRV/DVS etc if you have it. This will bring in air from outside or the roof space which should be much less polluted. Finally opening windows and doors to let a breeze through, even if for just a short while will also quickly help lower the amount of pollutants.

Like many Kiwis, I used to never give a second thought to the air I'm breathing. Our landscape isn't covered in polluting factories or coal plants and we're known for our (relative) clean air. However, after learning more about indoor air quality, I decided to start monitoring the air inside and was surprised by what I discovered! How do you Monitor the Air? While it's not an uncommon thing to do overseas, monitoring air quality is still something not many Kiwis are familiar with. While it's possible to pay professionals to come in and do a detailed report, there is a much easier (and cheaper) way. Enter the Indoor Air Quality Monitor, a device with sensors to measure air quality issues such as PM2.5, CO2, VOCs and more. For the past 2 years I've used a QP Lite, QP Pro and Smart Air CO2 Monitor to keep tabs on the air in my home. With an affordable price, high accuracy and data download ability, they're some of the best options on the market. First Surprise: CO2 Levels While Sleeping Like many of us, I took it for granted that sometimes we'll wake up feeling groggy, tired and maybe with a bit of a headache. While there are many possible causes for this, have you ever considered CO2 might be behind it? Bedrooms are small spaces and if you close the door and windows, where does fresh air come from? As we breathe oxygen is converted to CO2 and without ventilation the levels can rise surprisingly fast! Especially if you have a partner in the same bedroom. CO2 levels are reported in parts per million, with outdoor air being around 420ppm. Once the air reaches 1000-2000ppm you'll typically experience drowsiness and from 2000-5000ppm headaches and other complaints can occur. I was very surprised to see the levels for my bedroom at night regularly reach over 3000ppm! Once I improved the ventilation, I noticed I'd wake up feeling less groggy and more alert.  Below is an example comparing relatively good ventilation in a bedroom (initially) then poor ventilation later in the week. You can also see just how quickly the CO2 levels drop when ventilation is introduced (opening the door) in the morning! CO2 Concentration Levels: Measured with Smart Air CO2 Monitor Second Surprise: VOC Levels in a New Apartment Having moved into a newly built apartment for a period of time in 2023, I found the 'new building smell' very powerful and I would often get headaches. Unfortunately this is a common experience for many new home owners, as the off gassing from paint, flooring and fabrics etc. produces VOCs like Formaldehyde and Benzene. These can cause symptoms like headaches, respiratory issues, dizziness and throat irritations. There was a sharp increase in average VOC levels reported on my QP Pro after moving into the apartment, compared to an older existing house.  Previously, measurements were around 0.3-0.4 mg of TVOC per m³. In the new building, it was 10 times higher and would be between 3 and 4mg per m³. This puts it in the potentially dangerous threshold. Luckily there is action that can be taken to help reduce these levels. The most effective measure is introducing fresh air by opening doors and/or windows. You can also achieve this with mechanical ventilation. If neither of these options are possible, consider an Air Purifier with Activated Carbon Filter. Here are some readings from the apartment showing the slow rise of VOC levels, then how quickly they get eliminated by opening windows and allowing a breeze through! TVOC Concentrations: Measured by QP Pro Air Quality Monitor Third Surprise: PM2.5 Levels from Vaping While there has been a surge in vaping in recent years, we're still learning about its potential impacts. Having lived with someone who vapes in their room, I've been able to see how it impacts on air quality - especially when ventilation is limited. While it produces a fine mist and sends chemicals into the air, the process of vaporising the liquid also sends particulate matter into the air, including harmful PM2.5. To learn more about PM2.5, see the below video: While I wasn't surprised to see vaping having an impact on air quality, I was surprised at just how high the PM2.5 levels would get - even while in a different room. We've had reports from some of our customers about being impacted by others in their household vaping, which isn't surprising given these results! On the plus side, levels do drop fairly quickly back to normal once the vaping stops. However, peak concentrations ended up at levels you'd see in the most polluted cities in the world, at their absolute worst! The below graph shows the levels of PM2.5 measured from an adjacent room to the one being vaped in. PM2.5 Levels: Measured with QP Pro Air Quality Monitor: Wrapping Up Ready to make your own discoveries in air quality? We've got you covered with accurate and affordable CO2 monitors!

When setting up a nursery for your precious little one, there's a checklist of essentials most parents are aware of - a crib, changing table, soft lighting, and comforting decor. But have you considered the air quality in the nursery? You might wonder, "Is an air purifier a good addition to my nursery?" The answer is a resounding yes! An air purifier can be a nursery necessity, safeguarding your child's health by filtering out harmful pollutants and ensuring a peaceful sleep. Key Points Summary: Childhood Asthma in NZ: Asthma is prevalent among children in New Zealand; an air purifier can help by removing airborne irritants. Negative Ion Concerns: Avoid air purifiers releasing negative ions as they can produce ozone, harmful to tiny lungs, especially concerning given some are marketed for nursery use in NZ. Combatting Odours and Allergens: Air purifiers tackle odours, pet dander, and outdoor pollution that seeps indoors, ensuring a fresh and clean nursery environment. Virus and Bacteria Reduction: Create a healthier space by reducing the presence of viruses and bacteria, crucial in a child's early years for better immunity. Noise and Light Considerations: Choose a quiet air purifier with minimal light emissions to maintain a serene, sleep-conducive nursery ambiance. Affordable, Effective Options: Our range of air purifiers offers high CADR (Clean Air Delivery Rate) and low noise levels without breaking the bank, tailored for New Zealand homes. Why An Air Purifier is Essential The early stages of life are certainly special. But this phase also brings vulnerability, especially to elements in the environment. The air that we breathe can either help us become strong and healthy, or harm us. Here’s a deeper look into why investing in an air purifier is an important consideration for your nursery: The Unseen Threats: Viruses and Bacteria While sickness is inevitable at young ages, there are ways to mitigate this risk. Air purifiers work to reduce the presence of viruses and bacteria in the air.  The Surprising Risk of Outdoor Pollution New Zealand's picturesque landscapes can be deceiving when it comes to air quality. Construction, vehicle emissions, and fireplaces contribute to outdoor pollution, including the dangerous PM2.5 pollutants, which can infiltrate your home, posing a risk to your little one. Pet Dander and Other Allergens Many families couldn't be without their furry companions, but pets can introduce dander and other allergens into the air. An air purifier can significantly mitigate these allergens, ensuring a fresher environment for your child. Take a look at our article to learn more about how an air purifier can help with pets. The Impact of Air Quality on Children Children, with their still-developing organs and faster breathing rates, are more susceptible to the adverse effects of poor air quality. This article by Smart Air sheds light on how air pollution can affect children even before birth, linking exposure to certain pollutants with birth defects. Air pollution doesn't spare the toddlers and young children either. It has been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, childhood obesity, reduced lung growth, acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) like pneumonia, asthma, and even childhood cancers. A staggering fact is that air pollution accounts for 1 in 10 deaths in children under five years old globally. Given these alarming facts, the case for a quality air purifier in your nursery becomes a compelling one. An air purifier equipped with a HEPA filter and a carbon filter can significantly reduce the exposure of your child to these harmful pollutants, providing a safer environment for them to grow and thrive. Choosing the Right Air Purifier Not all air purifiers are created equal, especially when it comes to safeguarding the health of our little ones. We've got an in depth guide here, but here are some crucial factors to consider: No Negative Ions It’s alarming to find a range of air purifiers in New Zealand marketed for use in nurseries that release negative ions. While they might sound harmless or even beneficial, these ions can produce ozone—a gas that’s harmful to the lungs, particularly the still-developing lungs of a child. In New Zealand the negative ion generation 'feature' is often marketed with different names including ionisers, plasma generators and more. HEPA Filters Are Your Friend HEPA filters HEPA filters are the gold standard in air purification, capturing over 99% of 0.3 microns sized particles - the hardest to capture. Ensure that the air purifier you choose has a genuine HEPA filter, and avoid products with "HEPA-like" filters, which are less effective. Consider the Noise and Lights You’ll want an air purifier that operates quietly to ensure your baby can sleep soundly through the night. Similarly, many air purifiers come with bright lights which could disturb your child's sleep. Look for models that operate under 30dB on low and allow you to turn off the lights (or like ours which have no lights!). Price and Performance Investing in a quality air purifier pays off in the long run. Make sure to look at the Clean Air Delivery Rate (CADR) when comparing air purifiers, and not the room sizes recommended by manufacturers as they can be misleading! Our Selection for Your Peace of Mind We’ve curated a range of air purifiers tailored for New Zealand homes, ensuring safety and effectiveness. Our selection of Smart Air purifiers avoids any models that release negative ions, operates at low noise levels and most importantly is affordable! For use in a nursery, we recommend either: Smart Air - The Sqair, or Smart Air - SA600 Wrapping Up Investing in a good air purifier is investing in your child’s health. As parents, we can’t control the outdoor air quality, but we certainly have a say in the air our little ones breathe indoors. Take a step towards creating a safer, cleaner environment for your baby, and breathe easy knowing you’ve made a sensible choice.

We're well known for our breathtaking natural landscapes, often associated with clean air and an untouched environment. However, there are areas of the country where poor air quality issues are an unfortunate reality. Let's take a closer look at the causes of air pollution in NZ. Air Pollution: The Big Picture As per the latest LAWA Air Quality National Picture Summary, NZ has relatively good air quality overall. Yet, in some regions, people are exposed to higher levels of particulate matter, particularly during the winter months. This disparity arises due to several factors, such as weather conditions, geography, and the nature and volume of emissions present in each area. Winter Woes: Home Heating and Air Quality As we previously discussed in our blog on winter air quality issues, the lack of wind on colder winter days and the occurrence of inversion layers can trap particulate matter close to the ground, causing pollution levels to spike. Wood burners are popular in these areas, which emit particulate matter. The Role of Vehicles in Air Pollution Motor vehicles, especially those that are diesel-powered, are significant contributors to air pollution in NZ. They emit high amounts of pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter. Factors like brake wear, tyre wear, and the presence of an older vehicle fleet compound the issue. Nature's Role in Air Quality At times, nature itself contributes to spikes in air pollution. Events like wildfires and occasional volcanic eruptions introduce large amounts of particulate matter and gases into the atmosphere, affecting local air quality. Insights from LAWA’s 2023 Summary According to the LAWA (Land Air Water Aotearoa) summary, in 2022, 42 of 60 monitored sites met the New Zealand standard for daily average PM10 concentrations. However, the monitoring of smaller particles (PM2.5) has revealed that these can exceed international guidelines more often than PM10. These tiny particles pose more significant health risks as they can lodge deep into our lungs and even reach the bloodstream. Through enhanced monitoring efforts, regional councils and unitary authorities aim to understand and manage air quality more effectively. Measures to Improve Air Quality As we gear up against winter cold, we can also protect ourselves from air pollution. Monitor the Air Quality Monitoring can help us make informed decisions about indoor stay times during poor air quality periods. LAWA has a great air quality dashboard which can tell you more about the trends in your area. For live air quality monitoring check out the aqicn website. It can also help to monitor your indoor air, we have affordable and high accuracy air quality monitors available on our website. Air Purifiers and Filters Quality air purifiers can remove harmful particulate matter from your home's air. Opt for purifiers with HEPA filters to remove PM2.5 particles. We provide a range of proven, affordable and effective air purifiers from Smart Air. Final Thoughts While New Zealand enjoys a reputation for clean air and a pristine environment, there is plenty of room for improvement. Armed with knowledge and understanding, we can better tackle the complexities of air pollution.

Air quality is an essential but often overlooked aspect of our well-being. In New Zealand, many remain unaware of how winter weather can profoundly affect the air we breathe. The Unseen Winter Culprit Winter air pollution in New Zealand is mainly shaped by weather patterns and heating choices. In the colder regions, while less common than previous years, we still see fireplaces being used for warmth. These emit particulate matter; tiny harmful particles into the air we breathe. Even though recently there have been tightened standards as far as emissions from these, they've focused on reducing the larger PM10 particles. The levels of PM2.5 seen in the air however, frequently exceed WHO recommendations. Inversion Layers: A Winter Phenomenon The New Zealand climate significantly influences air quality. In winter, many areas experience cold, still nights. These conditions, along with geographical features like mountains, create 'inversion layers'. This traps cold air and pollutants close to the ground, boosting harmful particle levels. We commonly see these occur in valleys and parts of Canterbury, Otago, Southland and Marlborough. Inversion layers occur when a layer of warm air sits on top of cooler air. This is the reverse of what we normally see where air gets cooler at higher elevations. This "lid" traps pollutants, contributing to higher PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations. PM10 and PM2.5 are particulate matter, or tiny particles in the air. PM10 particles are less than 10 micrometres in diameter, and PM2.5 are smaller, less than 2.5 micrometres. The tiny PM2.5 particles are concerning, as they penetrate deep into the lungs and bloodstream. Health Implications of Poor Air Quality Air quality influences our health. Both PM10 and PM2.5 pose health risks. The smaller PM2.5 particles, which can infiltrate our respiratory system, exacerbate conditions like asthma and COPD and can contribute to heart disease and lung cancer development over time. The World Health Organization states PM2.5 exposure can lead to respiratory and cardiovascular issues, hospital admissions, and mortality from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and lung cancer. Understanding air quality's link to health is vital, especially for those in colder New Zealand regions, where winter pollution can be harmful. Pollution levels in these areas can reach unhealthy and even very unhealthy levels at times. Measures to Improve Air Quality As we gear up against winter cold, we can also protect ourselves from air pollution. Monitor the Air Quality Understanding the air quality in your area is important. In many countries checking the air quality is as common a task as checking the weather. Monitoring can help us make informed decisions about when to go outside and for how long during poor air quality periods. LAWA (Land Air Water Aotearoa) has a great air quality dashboard which can tell you more about the trends in your area. For live air quality monitoring check out the aqicn website. It can also help to monitor your indoor air, as outdoor pollutants can seep into your home. Personally, I found in my Christchurch home that during cold winter nights the air inside my home would often reach unhealthy levels due to the pollution. Want to check if the same happens to you? We have affordable and high accuracy air quality monitors available on our website. Air Purifiers and Filters Quality air purifiers can remove harmful particulate matter from your home's air. Opt for purifiers with HEPA filters to remove PM2.5 particles. We provide a range of proven, affordable and effective air purifiers from Smart Air. Clean Heating Cleaner heating options can improve air quality. If possible, consider shifting from wood burners to cleaner heat pump options. Wrapping up Awareness is the first step in enhancing our winter air quality. The more we understand, the better we can protect our health and communities. Stay informed, take action, and breathe easier this winter.